《哥倫比亞大學大學生法律評論》高中論文競賽

1. 參賽資格

這項競賽面向全球所有高中在校生（不包括應屆畢業生）。

2. 競賽主題

Due Process and the Limits of Government Power 正當程序與政府權力的限制

Due Process, enshrined in the Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments of the U.S. Constitution, is a fundamental safeguard against arbitrary government action, ensuring that individuals are not deprived of life, liberty, or property without fair and lawful procedures. It stands as a cornerstone of American legal protections and has influenced international human rights law. However, in times of national crisis or other moments perceived to be a threat to political order, governments have often made decisions at the expense of individual rights. From internment during World War II to the detention of civilians after 9/11, tensions between due process and claims of governmental necessity have sparked enormous debate. Today, questions surrounding immigration, student rights, and executive power continue to test the limitations of due process protections in the United States and across the world. 正當程序載於美國憲法第五修正案及第十四修正案中，是防止政府專斷行為的根本保障，確保個人在未經公平且合法程序下，不會被剝奪生命、自由或財產。它是美國法律保護的基石，並對國際人權法產生深遠影響。然而，在國家危機時期或其他被視為對政治秩序構成威脅的時刻，政府往往會以犧牲個人權利為代價做出決策。從二戰期間的拘留營到911事件後對平民的拘押，正當程序與政府必要性主張間的緊張關係引發了巨大爭議。現今，圍繞移民、學生權利以及行政權力的議題，持續考驗著美國乃至全球正當程序保護的界限。

Given the importance of due process as a safeguard against governmental overreach, discuss how governments should balance the need for effective governance with the protection of individual rights granted by due process. Do governments ever have a right to limit individual due process? When, if ever, should due process protections yield to government claims of necessity? Reflect on these questions and present a legal argument in response to this prompt. Use legal reasoning and historical or contemporary examples to support your argument. 鑑於正當程序作為防止政府權力濫用的重要保障，請討論政府應如何在有效治理需求與正當程序賦予的個人權利保護之間取得平衡。政府是否有權限制個人的正當程序權利？在何種情況（若有）下，正當程序的保障應當讓位於政府的必要性主張？請針對上述問題進行思考，並提出法律上的論證回應此命題。請結合法律推理及歷史或當代案例，支持你的論點。

3. 參賽要求

• 您的回答必須至少參考一個法庭案例或法律文件。歡迎使用題目中提到的案例或法律。
• 文章應不超過 1500 次，採用芝加哥引文格式。
• 所有文章應以 PDF 檔案格式提交。
• 每位參賽者只能提交一篇論文。

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