《哥伦比亚大学本科生法律评论》高中论文竞赛

1. 参赛资格

这项竞赛面向全球所有高中在校生（不包括应届毕业生）。

2. 竞赛主题

Due Process and the Limits of Government Power 正当程序与政府权力的限制

Due Process, enshrined in the Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments of the U.S. Constitution, is a fundamental safeguard against arbitrary government action, ensuring that individuals are not deprived of life, liberty, or property without fair and lawful procedures. It stands as a cornerstone of American legal protections and has influenced international human rights law. However, in times of national crisis or other moments perceived to be a threat to political order, governments have often made decisions at the expense of individual rights. From internment during World War II to the detention of civilians after 9/11, tensions between due process and claims of governmental necessity have sparked enormous debate. Today, questions surrounding immigration, student rights, and executive power continue to test the limitations of due process protections in the United States and across the world. 正当程序载于美国宪法第五修正案和第十四修正案中，是防止政府专断行为的根本保障，确保个人在没有公平且合法程序的情况下，不会被剥夺生命、自由或财产。它是美国法律保护的基石，也对国际人权法产生了深远影响。然而，在国家危机时期或其他被视为对政治秩序构成威胁的时刻，政府往往会以牺牲个人权利为代价做出决策。从二战期间的拘留营到“9·11”事件后对平民的拘押，正当程序与政府必要性主张之间的紧张关系引发了巨大争议。如今，围绕移民、学生权利以及行政权力的问题，继续考验着美国及全球范围内正当程序保护的界限。

Given the importance of due process as a safeguard against governmental overreach, discuss how governments should balance the need for effective governance with the protection of individual rights granted by due process. Do governments ever have a right to limit individual due process? When, if ever, should due process protections yield to government claims of necessity? Reflect on these questions and present a legal argument in response to this prompt. Use legal reasoning and historical or contemporary examples to support your argument. 鉴于正当程序作为防止政府权力滥用的重要保障，讨论政府应如何在有效治理的需求与正当程序赋予的个人权利保护之间取得平衡。政府是否有权限制个人的正当程序权利？在何种情况下（如果有）正当程序保护应当让位于政府的必要性主张？请思考这些问题，提出法律上的论证回应该命题，并结合法律推理及历史或当代案例支持你的论点。

3. 参赛要求

• 您的回答必须至少参考一个法庭案例或法律文件。欢迎使用题目中提到的案例或法律。
• 文章应不超过 1500 次，采用芝加哥引文格式。
• 所有文章均应以 PDF 文件格式提交。
• 每位参赛者只能提交一篇论文。

4. 比赛获奖：获奖论文将刊登在CULR官网上，获奖者和入围者将受邀参加由CULR主办的演讲活动。